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Educational and Psychological Measurement
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Factor Scales of the CPI: Do they Capture the Valid Variance?

Carl H. Reynolds

Boston College and State University of New York at Buffalo

Robert C. Nichols

Boston College and State University of New York at Buffalo

Using data collected in 1962 and 1963 from a sample of 861 male and female National Merit Scholarship participants, the investigators studied the validity of 16 of the 18 CPI scales. In particular, the study was designed to discover whether the common factor variance of the CPI scales carries the valid scale variance or whether the unique scale variance contains the information critical to scale validity. Each CPI scale score was broken down into a portion attributable to the two principal factor scales (Nichols and Schnell, 1963) and a portion not so attributable. With one exception, the tolerance scale, the CPI scales showed considerable validity. That is, they were substantially more strongly related to particular criterion variables (8 to 20 criteria) than to variables in general (178 variables). With four exceptions, the valid scale variance was carried in the common factor portion rather than in the unique portion of the scale variance. The exceptions to this rule showed the valid variance being shared roughly equally between the common factor and unique portions of the scale variance. The investigators concluded that for the most part the factor scales do indeed capture the valid variance in the CPI profile.

Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol. 37, No. 4, 907-915 (1977)
DOI: 10.1177/001316447703700413
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[Abstract]