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Educational and Psychological Measurement
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Empirical Choice Weighting Under "Guess" and "Do Not Guess" Directions

Lawrence H. Cross

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Robert B. Frary

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

This study investigated reliability and validity of scores resulting from empirical choice-weighting under two conditions: (1) examinees were told not to guess when unable to eliminate any choice and (2) they were told their scores would be the number of right responses. Unlike other choice-weighting studies which have reported disappointing results under one or the other of these two conditions, the present study used a predictor and criterion which were obtained independently yet had a substantial logical relationship. The results indicated that choice-weighting resulted in substantial increases in score reliability and predictive validity over number-right and corrected-for-guessing scores. Moreover, the validity coefficients associated with choice-weighted scores obtained under "Guess" directions were comparable to coefficients obtained under "Do Not Guess" directions. This latter result led to a recommendation against instruction to restrict guessing under choice-weighted scoring.

Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol. 38, No. 3, 613-620 (1978)
DOI: 10.1177/001316447803800302
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