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Educational and Psychological Measurement
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The RAM Scale: Development and Validation of the Revised Scale in Likert Format

Claudia R. Wright

School of Communication, Los Angeles

William B. Michael

University of Southern California

Gordon F. Brown

Pasadena City College

The development and validation of a revised form of the RAM Scale in Likert format, a measure of student philosophical orientations in terms of relative, absolute, or mixed biases or preferences toward issues of knowledge, methods, and values, are described. As part of a larger investigation, a sample of 125 community college students was administered the Likert version of the RAM Scale. An obtained coefficient alpha for the total scale was equal to .79, with coefficients of .38, .71, and .76 for the Knowledge, Methods, and Values subscales, respectively. An item analysis involving the correlation between the response of each subject to an item and his or her classification as relative or absolute was also conducted. Statistically significant phi coefficients were observed for 26 out of the 36 items. Also completed was a principal factors analysis of intercorrelations of 12 RAM subtests comprising 3 sets of 4 subtests, with each set representing an hypothesized content factor of knowledge, methods, or values. At least one factor (Factor II) contained clusters of items consistent with a content area related to methodological issues and assumptions.

Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol. 43, No. 4, 1089-1102 (1983)
DOI: 10.1177/001316448304300418
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C. R. Wright, G. F. Brown, and W. B. Michael
The Concurrent Validity of Two Forms of the Ram Scale Relative to Three Criterion Measures Indicating School-Related Preferences of Community College Students
Educational and Psychological Measurement, December 1, 1984; 44(4): 1017 - 1024.
[Abstract]