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Educational and Psychological Measurement
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Effects of Item Arrangement, Sex of the Subject, and Test Anxiety on Cognitive and Self-Perception Scores in a Nonquantitative Content Area

Barbara S. Plake

University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Charles J. Ansorge

University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Previous research using an examination with a quantitative emphasis revealed a significant sex effect and an item arrangement x sex interaction for a cognitive variable (number right) and an item arrangement effect for self-perception scores pertaining to difficulty, fairness, and anticipated performance on the test. Scores representing number of items right and self-perceptions were analyzed for nonquantitative examination that was assembled into three forms: easy-hard, spiral cyclical, random. Multivariate ANCOVA revealed no significant effects ({alpha} = .05) for the cognitive measure. However, significant ({alpha} = .05) sex and sex x order effects were found for perceptions scores which were not parallel to those reported previously for a quantitative examination. Implications for the valid interpretation of test scores also are briefly discussed.

Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol. 44, No. 2, 423-430 (1984)
DOI: 10.1177/0013164484442023
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D. S. Lane Jr., K. S. Bull, D. K. Kundert, and D. L. Newman
The Effects of Knowledge of Item Arrangement, Gender, and Statistical and Cognitive Item Difficulty on Test Performance
Educational and Psychological Measurement, December 1, 1987; 47(4): 865 - 879.
[Abstract]