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Educational and Psychological Measurement
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The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy: Development and Preliminary Psychometric Data

Mohammadreza Hojat

Salvatore Mangione

Thomas J. Nasca

Mitchell J. M. Cohen

Joseph S. Gonnella

James B. Erdmann

Jon Veloski

Jefferson Medical College

Mike Magee

Pfizer, Inc.

The present study was designed to develop a brief instrument to measure empathy in health care providers in patient care situations. Three groups participated in the study: Group 1 consisted of 55 physicians, Group 2 was 41 internal medicine residents, and Group 3 was composed of 193 third-year medical students. A 90-item preliminary version of the Empathy scale was developed based on a review of the literature and distributed to Group 1 for feedback. After pilot testing, a revised and shortened 45-item version of the instrument was distributed to Groups 2 and 3. A final version of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy containing 20 items based on statistical analyses was constructed. Psychometric findings provided support for the construct validity, criterion-related validity (convergent and discriminant), and internal consistency reliability (coefficient alpha) of the scale scores.

Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol. 61, No. 2, 349-365 (2001)
DOI: 10.1177/00131640121971158
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