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Educational and Psychological Measurement
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Higher Order Factor Structure Of A Self-Control Test: Evidence From Confirmatory Factor Analysis With Polychoric Correlations

David B. Flora

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Eli J. Finkel

Carnegie Mellon University

Vangie A. Foshee

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

The self-control test developed by Grasmick, Tittle, Bursik, and Arneklev was designed to measure each of six components of self-control, namely, impulsivity, a preference for simple rather than complex tasks, risk seeking, a preference for physical rather than cerebral activities, a self-centered orientation, and a volatile temper. This conceptualization clearly suggests that self-control may be defined as a higher order construct that leads to each of these components, which in turn may be represented as first-order factors or constructs. However, due to various limitations, previous analyses of the test failed to establish this factor structure. By employing proper methods for the factor analysis of Likert-type items and explicitly testing a higher order structure, the authors show that the self-control test may provide more valid measurement of the psychological constructs it was intended to measure than previous research suggests.

Key Words: self-control • factor analysis • higher order models • weighted least squares

Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol. 63, No. 1, 112-127 (2003)
DOI: 10.1177/0013164402239320
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