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Educational and Psychological Measurement
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Multilevel Meta-Analysis: A Comparison with Traditional Meta-Analytical Procedures

Wim Van Den Noortgate

Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium

Patrick Onghena

Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium

In this article, the authors compare the multilevel meta-analysis approach with the more traditional meta-analytical approaches. After a description and comparison of the under-lying models and some of the major techniques, the results of the multilevel approach are compared with those of the traditional approaches, using a simulation study. The results of the simulation study suggest that the maximum likelihood multilevel approach is in general superior to the fixed-effects approaches, unless only a small number of studies is available. For models without moderators, the results of the multilevel approach, however, are not substantially different from the results of the traditional random-effects approaches.

Key Words: meta-analysis • multilevel • random effects • maximum likelihood • Monte Carlo simulation

Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol. 63, No. 5, 765-790 (2003)
DOI: 10.1177/0013164403251027
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