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Educational and Psychological Measurement
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Utility of the Mantel-Haenszel Procedure for Detecting Differential Item Functioning in Small Samples

AÁngel M. Fidalgo

University of Oviedo, Spain

Doris Ferreres

University of Valencia, Spain

JosÉ MuÑiz

University of Oviedo, Spain

Sample-size restrictions limit the contingency table approaches based on asymptotic distributions, such as the Mantel-Haenszel (MH) procedure, for detecting differential item functioning (DIF) in many practical applications. Within this framework, the present study investigated the power and Type I error performance of empirical and inferential criteria for DIF detection in small samples. Sample sizes (50/50, 100/50, 200/50, and 100/100 for the reference and focal groups, respectively), ability distributions (equal and unequal), and amount of DIF (moderate and high) were manipulated. The results show the advantages of employing theMHchi-square statistic using high levels of significance (• = .20) as opposed to the empirical criteria (cutoffs for categorizing DIF based on the magnitude of the MH common odds ratio estimator and the standardized p-difference statistic). Some considerations concerning Type I and Type II errors are made.

Key Words: differential item functioning • Mantel-Haenszel procedure • significance levels • small samples • standardization index

Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol. 64, No. 6, 925-936 (2004)
DOI: 10.1177/0013164404267288
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This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Educational and Psychological MeasurementHome page
A. M. Fidalgo and J. M. Madeira
Generalized Mantel-Haenszel Methods for Differential Item Functioning Detection
Educational and Psychological Measurement, December 1, 2008; 68(6): 940 - 958.
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