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Educational and Psychological Measurement
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Consistency of Fear of Failure Score Meanings Among 8- to 18-Year-Old Female Athletes

David E. Conroy

The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, David-Conroy{at}psu.edu

J. Douglas Coatsworth

The Pennsylvania State University

Miranda P. Kaye

The Pennsylvania State University

Fear of failure (FF) energizes individuals to avoid failure because of the learned aversive consequences of failing (e.g., shame). Although FF is socialized in childhood, little is known about the meaning of scores from FF measures used with children and adolescents. This study addresses that void by establishing a preliminary nomological network for FF scores from a younger population than has previously been studied. Girls (N = 97) aged 8 to 18 years (M = 13.2) completed measures of FF, situational motivation, sport anxiety, self-esteem, physical self-concept, and social competence during the first week of a recreational softball league. Results indicated that FF scores were positively associated with age. General FF also was associated with higher levels of sport anxiety and lower levels of self-determined motivation, self-esteem, skill-related physical self-concept, and social competence. Age did not moderate any of these relationships; thus, aspects of the nomological network for interpreting FF scores from the Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory can be extended to children as young as age 8.

Key Words: achievement motivation • self-determination • peer competence • problem behavior

Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol. 67, No. 2, 300-310 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0013164406288174
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