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This version was published on December 1, 2007
Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol. 67, No. 6, 1042-1051 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0013164406299127

Measurement Invariance of the Pay Satisfaction Questionnaire Across Three Countries

Filip Lievens

Ghent University, filip.lievens{at}ugent.be

Frederik Anseel

Ghent University

Michael M. Harris

University of Missouri-St. Louis

Jacob Eisenberg

University College Dublin

In recent years, pay satisfaction has been increasingly studied in an international context, prompting the importance of examining whether the Pay Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ) is invariant across countries other than the United States. This study investigated the measurement invariance across three countries, namely, the United States (N = 321), Belgium (N = 301), and Cyprus (N = 132). Results showed that the measurement structure of the PSQ was invariant across these different countries because there was no departure from measurement invariance in terms of factor form, factor pattern coefficients, factor variances, and factor covariances. These results show promise for the equivalence of PSQ ratings across different countries. Future research is needed to test the equivalence further across other countries and samples.

Key Words: pay satisfaction • measurement invariance • confirmatory factor analysis • culture


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