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Educational and Psychological Measurement
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Testing for Multigroup Invariance of the Computer Anxiety Scale

George A. Marcoulides

University of California, Riverside, george.marcoulides{at}ucr.com

Christin Emrich

University of Hamburg, Germany

Laura D. Marcoulides

California State University, Fullerton

The Computer Anxiety Scale (CAS) measures the perceptions of individuals with respect to their anxiety toward computers. Although the CAS was developed a number of years ago, research has shown that its factor structure has remained stable. Recent cross-cultural studies using samples of college students from various countries have also shown that the construct of computer anxiety as measured by the CAS has not changed. The present study uses structural equation modeling techniques to examine whether the CAS remains stable in two samples of German college students, the first from a traditional attendance-based lecture course and the second using Web-based tools. Results provide support for the invariance of the factor structure of the CAS.

Key Words: computer anxiety • computer technology • confirmatory factor analysis • cross-cultural comparison • e-learning

This version was published on April 1, 2008

Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol. 68, No. 2, 325-334 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0013164407308469
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